Annotated Bibliography Notes Essay - 1282 Words

Annotated Bibliography Notes Fill in the notes for the amendment and for each of the three categories (multi-media, contemporary cases, advocacy documents). If you need support for the citation, consult the MLA Formatting Guide you printed from the lesson. Amendment for your topic (from the Bill of Rights) One Multi-Media Resource (videos, slideshows, audio files, infographics) Citation :Graphic : http://www.nancho.net/corperson/ THE SCOURGE OF DEMOCRACIDE How Popular Rule is Suffocated by Corporate Personhood What information from this source seems the most important? Note key points mentioned in the source. Perhaps the most stunning weapon corporations use to dominate our world is the offensive shield of†¦show more content†¦Two Advocacy Documents or Articles (document or article including statements from presidents, politicians, or advocates about the topic you selected) Citation Information: http://news.investors.com/ibd-editorials/101413-675071-vets-denied-right-to-gather-but-not-illegal-immigrant-advocates.htm President Obamas Attack On The First Amendment What information from this source seems the most important? Note key points mentioned in the source. the president would treat those who have served, and continue to serve, in the military with such contempt and vindictiveness is a great disgrace. How does this source support your topic? Because the president don’t let the people who fought for our rights see the monument. If these people didn’t fight for our rights we wouldn’t have the freedom of speech.soo why treat these people like this by trying to take there rights away. What information from this source would be most useful to include in your informative/explanatory article? the president would treat those who have served, and continue to serve, in the military with such contempt and vindictiveness is a great disgrace. After all, they were merely exercising their First Amendment rights. Wasnt that why many of them served in the first place, to protect our rights? Its not just vets, either. Obama gave organizers special permission to hold the rally in D.C., despite the shutdown — They allowed us to have it because it is part of the FirstShow MoreRelatedAcademic Research Reflection1203 Words   |  5 Pagesresearch paper more concrete and thus provides more depth to the analysis. Hence, several universities and accredited academic institutions have developed the process of referencing books and scholarly articles of researchers. Moreover, an annotated bibliography is a referencing process which includes a list of references along with a summary of the article or book that has been used. Explanation of the article should be conducted in 8-10 sentences ensuring that the summary is brief so that the readerRead MoreMy Struggle with Writing Drafts Essay642 Words   |  3 Pageshad to do an annotated bibliography, where I wrote lots of the information I was going to use for my essay. When I began to write my first draft of the third essay, I just looked at what I had written and then I constructed my introduction from that information. It did not take much time to finish my introduction and from there the rest of the essay was quite easy. The conclusion was not that hard because since I had the information for the introduction I was able to use the same notes for the conclusionRead MoreLearning and Cognition Essay1306 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Annotated Bibliography: Foundation for a course Project PSYC 3500; Learning and Cognition U5A1: Annotated Bibliography Capella University November, 2013 Annotated Bibliography: Foundation for a course Project This paper contains an annotated bibliography for a paper which will serve as the final project for a course on the subject of learning and cognition. The paper for which this bibliography was prepared originally was to focus on whetherRead MoreHcs 465 (Health Care Research Utilization) Entire Class Assignme6475 Words   |  26 PagesAssignment, Annotated Bibliography Individual Assignment: Literature Review in Research: An Annotated Bibliography †¢ Resource: Literature Review in Research: An Annotated Bibliography Grading Criteria. †¢ Go to the Center for Writing Excellence. †¢ Click the Tutorials Guides link. †¢ Click the Annotated Bibliography link the under the Samples heading. You may use this format to create your annotated bibliography. †¢ Read: the Annotated Bibliography samplesRead MoreThe Current Mla Format And Guidelines1511 Words   |  7 PagesMrs. Pruitt’s Research Paper Guide Paper Requirements †¢ The length of the research paper must be no less than 1,500-words and no more than 2,500-words. The 2,500-word limit does not apply to notes or to the annotated bibliography. In-text citations are required. If your sources are not acknowledged, your paper will receive a zero and will be required to be rewritten for a lower grade because this is considered plagiarism. No more than five quotations are allowed in your paper. †¢ The researchRead MorePerceptions of Bushmen Culture Essay1399 Words   |  6 Pagesexisted since the 1800s and many of the banal conceptions of the Bushmen have remained unchanged through the course of modern history. This paper will be general overview of Bushmen culture. It will describe some of its complexities, as well as further note the way early Europeans and anthropologist perceived these South African peoples. This paper will not provide an in-depth historical account or all encompassing research of the culture but is a proposal that aims to present the Bushmen culture as oneRead MoreShould Women Be Allowed During Combat The Us Armed Forces?1561 Words   |  7 PagesCollect Information I believe I have more than enough sources to fall back on and expand my horizons with my annotated bibliography notes. When I was preparing for the annotated bibliography assignment I found some excellent sites that I did not use for that assignment and I will be going back to my notes and use some of the sites that I that I did not chose to add to my annotated bibliography. I also will be going back to Rio Salado’s Library online article database and review some journalist articlesRead MoreA Discussion On Sexuality And Sexually Transmitted Infections / Diseases And Sexual Development Throughout Life955 Words   |  4 Pagesusual, there were multiple assignments. We had our normal issue from the Taking Sides text, though it was only one this week, a discussion on sexuality in later life, the quiz and this wonderful three page reflection paper. Additionally our annotated bibliography was due this week. As usual, I will start with this week’s reading from the Taking Sides text. This week was slightly different in that we were given only one topic to read and discuss. The article discussed opposing views on whetherRead MoreEssay on How To Write Using the APA Writing Style1597 Words   |  7 Pagesone’s own work. It normally includes a title page, introduction section, and a list of references. Many confuse a literature review with an annotated bibliography, but the difference between a literature review and an annotated bibliography is that an annotated bibliography only summarizes briefly about an article that one viewed while an annotated bibliography focuses specifically on a topic. An experimental report, also know as â€Å"lab reports† is put shortly, a â€Å"story† of ones research where someoneRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Reflection1032 Words   |  5 Pagesauthor was trying to do when appealing to the ethos, logos, and pathos strategies. The exploratory and annotated bibliography project required a lot more research and a topic that I found most compelling. When I found a topic that I was interested in, the research became easier to find. I worked on the exploratory part first and made notes as I was going, in order to write the annotated bibliography portion. My argument essay was the easiest of the three to come up with a strategy to write because I

Essay on Getting Older - 1143 Words

Getting Older With this changing world around us; everyone has different feelings and thoughts about getting older. Some people are afraid to get older while others anticipate it. The select few might even try to delay the process by having surgical procedures done to have their body appear to be younger. In these next couple pages I am about to discuss the answers from interviews I preformed. All of the questions were geared towards the aging process and the person’s feelings about growing older. I asked 5 different cohorts (1) the same exact questions. The grouping of the ages was as follows: 1 person from each cohort – age 6-15, I chose 11 year old girl Kayla; age 16-25, I chose 20 year old Tara; age 26-40, I chose 27 year old†¦show more content†¦But John and Douglas had stated positives that had already happened in their lives such as having and raising children and grandchildren along with the ability to watch them grow, mature, gain their own independence, and even be gin to start a whole new family of their own. I feel that most people below the age of around 40 go through their lives sometimes not truly appreciating the positives, but looking forward to becoming released from restrictions. I do believe the older a person gets, the wiser they become, not only from gaining knowledge as they travel down the road of life, but gaining experience and the sense to know, realize and truly appreciate how their cards of life had been dealt in front of them. When responding to the fears and bad things about the aging process the answers varied considerably. The group had had dreaded dying, your body wearing down (2), their health status (3), as well as needing long term care (4) and nursing homes (5). Everyone knows about the biological process of aging. Typically, without using technical terms that not everyone is used to, most if not all people know that when you get older you gain wrinkles and your hair color slowly fades to white or grey. Though people know that everyone has to go through this process, some easier than others, we still fear and loathe this process. I believe that part of the international feeling of dread aboutShow MoreRelatedA Young Man And A Car : A Reflection On A Real Life Negotiation Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pagesnegotiation In America, buying your first car is a rite of passage. From a young age, with driver’s licenses years down the road, children begin fantasizing about what car they will drive when they’re old enough. The same was true for me. As I got older and began to understand the complexities of purchasing an automobile, however, my dreams became increasingly realistic. Now, I see the process of negotiating that first car as nearly as important as what car I buy. This assignment allowed me to haveRead MoreResearch indicates that the characteristics we are born with have much more influence on our personality and development than any experiences we may have in our life.1669 Words   |  7 Pagesare influenced by their general beliefs about how memory changes with age. If you believe your memory will get worse as you grow older, you will pay more attention to memory failures and each bout of forgetfulness will reinforce your belief that your memory is getting worse. Common everyday memory failures tend to be judged more harshly when these failures belong to an older person. A large scale study over a ten year period found that cognitive decline is not a normal part of aging for most elderlyRead MoreMyth on Aging Essay1593 Words   |  7 Pageshave no interest in, nor capacity for, sexual relations† (Facts on Aging Quiz). In our society, many people believe that older adults do not have sex when they reach the certain old age. Many argue that as you grow older your body becomes frail, thus, decreasing and diminishing sexual desire. Others believe that the sex â€Å"belong to the younger generations† (Schwartz, 2012). Since older adults are more prone to chronic disease, this means that we assume that they do not have a desire on having sexual intercourseRead MoreOlder Adult Interview Essay968 Words   |  4 PagesI had the privilege of interviewing a 60 year old gentlemen who I will identify as Mr. E to protect his privacy for this assignment. The goal of my interview was to gain insight on aging from an older adult. I interviewed Mr. E in his home on a weekday evening. He expressed appreciation and was surprised that he was the focus of an interview in which his life story and thoughts would be recorded. Mr. E was born in a ranch in Guadalajara, Mexico. He is the youngest son of nine children. His fatherRead MoreTaking a Look at Progeria 1177 Words   |  5 Pagesdown. Children who are affected by progeria develop a non-identical appearance characterized by baldness, a small pinched nose, and a small face and jaw relative to head size and aged-looking skin. They also often have symptoms typically seen in much older people including joint stiffness, hip dislocations and severe, progressive cardiovascular disease. It is normal for them to be smart. People with this disease averagely lives to see at most 13 years of age but it ranges from age 8 to 21; and most patientsRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Alcohol Abuse1477 Words   |  6 Pagescommunities people need to go out and support the mental health changes in veterans, all too often this disorder is not recognized and they end up not getting the help that they need. C. I think that as social workers in the mental health field it is important to work in micro, mezzo and macro practice. When working in mezzo practice you start getting into groups, such as therapy groups, educational groups and support groups. While also working in mezzo practice it is very common to start working withRead MoreAn Advertisement For The Elderly1609 Words   |  7 Pageselderly? This question is not complicated to answer with a small amount of knowledge. Most advertisements for the elderly are for more expensive products because most marketers think that once children move out of the house there will be more money for older parents to spend on what they want. The next concern would be at what age is a person considered elderly? Most people think of elderly as over 70 years old, but it is actually at the age of 65. Most actors or actresses who portray an elderly characterRead MoreThe Process of Aging in Up a Movie by Carl Fredricksen854 Words   |  3 Pages Life is a chronological process filled with transitions and relationships. The purpose of this paper is to delineate an understanding of an older man’s journey through later life from a gerontology perspective and define real-life learning of an older adult as it was presented in the film â€Å"Up†. By reviewing the life events of the main character Carl Fredricksen a retired balloon salesman and how he fulfills a lifelong dream of a great adventure to South America. The animated film is a comedyRead MoreThe Aging Population Is The Fastest Growing Population1574 Words   |  7 Pagesmillion individuals will be ages 85 and older (Ouchida Lachs, 2015). Perceptions of the elderly have slightly changed for the better in recent years, but biases and discrimination are still very widespread in our society today. â€Å"Ageism† is a phrase coined by Robert Butler in 1969 and implies a preconception, prejudice, and discrimination against older adults and can come in many forms. A kind of ageism I will be focusing on is the related to older adults and their treatment by healthcareRead MoreThe Skeletal System Of The Body1421 Words   |  6 Pagesfunctions are they are responsible for maintaining the balance between getting rid of old, damaged bones and creation of new bones. The osteoblast cells function is they make new bones. The osteoclasts cells function is it gets rid of old and damaged bones. This cycle by the osteoblast cells and the osteoclast cells of bone destruction and rebuilding is done at a highe rate at young age but this cycle slows down or can reach its peak at older age. The bone layer that gets affected by osteoporosis is the

Video game Free Essays

string(56) " when they were scheduled to be available to customers\." The rise of personal computers in the mid 1980s spurred interest in computer games. This caused a crash in home Video game market. Interest in Video games was rekindled when a number of different companies developed hardware consoles that provided graphics superior to the capabilities of computer games. We will write a custom essay sample on Video game or any similar topic only for you Order Now By 1990, the Nintendo Entertainment System dominated the product category. Sega surpassed Nintendo when it introduced its Genesis System. By 1993, Sega commanded almost 60 per cent of Video game market and was one of the most recognized brand names among the children. Sega’s success was short lived. In 1995, Saturn (a division of General Motors) launched a new 32-bit system. The product was a miserable failure for a number of reasons. Sega was the primary software developer for Saturn and it did not support efforts by outside game developers to design compatible games. In addition, Sega’s games were often delivered quite late to retailers. Finally, the price of the Saturn system was greater than other comparable game consoles. This situation of Saturn’s misstep benefited Nintendo and Sony greatly. Sony’s Play Station was unveiled in 1994 and was available in 70 million homes worldwide by the end of 1999. Its â€Å"Open design† encouraged the efforts of o utside developers, resulting in almost 3,000 different games that were compatible with the PlayStation. It too featured 32-bit graphics that appealed to older audience. As a result, at one time, more than 30 per cent of PlayStation owners were over 30 years old. Nintendo 64 was introduced in 1996 and had eye-popping 64-bit graphics and entered in more than 28 million homes by 1999. Its primary users were between the age of 6 and 13 as a result of Nintendo’s efforts to limit the amount of violent and adult-oriented material featured on games that can be played on its systems. Because the company exercised considerable control over software development, Nintendo 64 had only one-tenth the number of compatible games as Sony’s PlayStation did. By 1999, Sony had captured 56 per cent of the video game market, followed by Nintendo with 42 per cent. Sega’s share had fallen to a low of 1%. Hence, Sega had two options, either to concede defeat or introduce an innovative video machine that would bring in huge sales. And Sega had to do so before either Nintendo or Sony could bring their next-generation console to market. The Sega Dreamcast arrived in stores in September 1999 with an initial price tag of $199. Anxious gamers placed 300,000 advance orders, and initial sales were quite encouraging. A total of 1. 5 million Dreamcast machines were bought within the first four months, and initial reviews were positive. The 128-bit system was capable of generating 3-D visuals, and 40 different games were available within three months of Dream cast’s introduction. By the end of the year, Sega had captured a market share to 15 per cent. But the Dreamcast could not sustain its momentum. Although its game capabilities were impressive, the system did not deliver all the functionality Sega had promised. A 56K modem (which used a home phone line) and a Web browser were meant to allow access to the Internet so that gamers could play each other online, surf the Web, and visit the Dreamcast Network for product information and playing tips. Unfortunately, these features either were not immediately available or were disappointing in their execution. Sega was not the only one in having the strategy of adding functionality beyond games. Sony and Nintendo followed the same approach for their machines introduced in 1999. Both Nintendo’s Neptune and Sony’s PlayStation 2 (PS2) were built on a DVD platform and featured a 128-bit processor. Analysts applauded the move to DVD because it is less expensive to produce and allows more storage than CDs. It also gives buyers the ability to use the machine as CD music player and DVD movie player. As Sony marketing director commented, â€Å"The full entertainment offering from Pl ay Station 2 definitely appeals to a much broader audience. I have friends in their 30s who bought it not only because it’s a gaming system for their kids, but also a DVD for them. † In addition, PlayStation 2 is able to play games developed for its earlier model that was CD-based. This gives the PS2 an enormous advantage in the number of compatible game titles that were immediately available to gamers. Further enhancing the PS2’s appeal is its high-speed modem and allows the user’s easy access to the Internet through digital cable as well as over telephone lines. This gives Sony the ability to distribute movies, music, and games directly to PS2 consoles. We are positioning this as an all-round entertainment player,† commented Ken Kutaragi, the head of Sony Computer Entertainment. However, some prospective customers were put off by the console’s initial price of $360. Shortly after the introduction of Neptune, Nintendo changed its strategies and announced the impending release of its newest game console, The GameCube. However, unlike the Neptune, the GameCube would not run on a DVD platform and also would not initially offer any online capabilities. It would be more attractively priced at $199. A marketing vice president for Nintendo explained the company’s change in direction, â€Å"We are the only com petitor whose business is video games. We want to create the best gaming system. † Nintendo also made the GameCube friendly for outside developers and started adding games that included sports titles to attract an older audience. Best known for its extra ordinary successes with games aimed at the younger set, such as Donkey Kong, Super Mario Bros, and Pokemon, Nintendo sought to attract older users, especially because the average video game player is 28. Youthful Nintendo users were particularly pleased to hear that they could use their handheld Game Boy Advance systems as controllers for the GameCube. Nintendo scrambled to ensure there would be an adequate supply of Game Cubes on the date in November 2001, when they were scheduled to be available to customers. You read "Video game" in category "Essay examples" It also budgeted $450 million to market its new product, as it anticipated stiff competition during the holiday shopping season. With more than 20 million PlayStation 2 sold worldwide, the GameCube as a new entry in the video game market would make the battle for market share even more intense. For almost a decade, the video game industry had only Sega, Nintendo, and Sony; just three players. Because of strong brand loyalty and high product development costs, newcomers faced a daunting task in entering this race and being competitive. In November 2001, Microsoft began selling its new Xbox, just three days before the GameCube made its debut. Some observers felt the Xbox was aimed to rival PlayStation 2, which has similar functions that rival Microsoft’s Web TV system and even some lower level PCs. Like the Sony’s PlayStation 2, Xbox was also built using a DVD platform, but it used an Intel processor in its construction. This open design allowed Microsoft to develop the Xbox in just two years, and gave developers the option of using standard PC tool for creating compatible games. In addition, Microsoft also sought the advice of successful game developers and even incorporated some of their feedback into the design of the console and its controllers. As a result of developers’ efforts, Microsoft had about 20 games ready when the Xbox became available. By contrast, the GameCube had only eight games available. Microsoft online strategy was another feature that differentiated of the Xbox from the GameCube. Whereas Nintendo had no immediate plans for Web-based play, the Xbox came equipped with an Ethernet port for broadband access to Internet. Microsoft also announced its own Web-based network on which gamers can come together for online head-to head play and for organised online matches and tournaments. Subscribers to this service were to pay a small monthly fee and must have high-speed access to the Internet. This is a potential drawback considering that a very low percentage of households world over currently have broadband connections. By contrast Sony promoted an open network, which allows software developers to manage their own games, including associated fees charged to users. However, interested players must purchase a network adapter for an additional $39. 99. Although game companies are not keen on the prospect of submitting to the control of a Microsoft-controlled network, it would require a significant investment for them to manage their own service on the Sony-based network. Initially the price of Microsoft’s X box was $299. Prior to the introduction of Xbox, in a competitive move Sony dropped the price of the PlayStation 2 to $299. Nintendo’s GameCube already enjoyed a significant price advantage, as it was selling for $100 less than either Microsoft or Sony products. Gamers eagerly snapped up the new consoles and made 2001 the best year ever for video game sales. For the first time, consumers spent $9. 4 billion on video game equipment, which was more than they did at the box office. By the end of 2001 holiday season, 6. million PlayStation 2 consoles had been sold in North America alone, followed by 1. 5 million Xbox units and 1. 2 million Game Cubes. What ensued was an all out price war. This started when Sony decided to put even more pressure on the Microsoft’s Xbox by cutting the PlayStation 2 price to $199. Microsoft quickly matched that price. Wanting to maintain its low-price status, Nintendo in turn responded by reducing the price of its the GameCube by $50, to $149. By mid 2002, Microsoft Xbox had sold between 3. 5 and 4 million units worldwide. However, Nintendo had surpassed Xbox sales by selling 4. million Game Cubes. Sony had the benefit of healthy head start, and had shipped 32 million PlayStation 2s. However, seven years after the introduction of original PlayStation, it was being sold in retail outlets for a mere $49. It had a significant lead in terms of numbers of units in homes around the world with a 43 per cent share. Nintendo 64 was second with 30 per cent, followed by Sony PlayStation 2 with 14 per cent. The Xbox and GameCube each claimed about 3 per cent of the market, with Sega Dreamcast comprising the last and least market share of 4. 7 per cent. Sega, once an industry leader, announced in 2001 that it had decided to stop producing the Dreamcast and other video game hardware components. The company said it would develop games for its competitors’ consoles. Thus Sega slashed the price of the Dreamcast to just $99 in an effort to liquidate its piled up inventory of more than 2 million units and immediately began developing 11 new games for the Xbox, four for PlayStation 2, and three for Nintendo’s Game Boy Advance. As the prices of video game consoles have dropped, consoles and games have become the equivalent of razors and blades. This means the consoles generate little if any profit, but the games are a highly profitable proposition. The profit margins on games are highly attractive, affected to some degree by whether the content is developed by the console maker (such as Sony) or by an independent game publisher (such as Electronic Arts). Thus, the competition to develop appealing, or perhaps even addictive, games may be even more intense than the battle among players to produce the best console. In particular, Nintendo, Sony, and Microsoft want games that are exclusive to their own systems. With that in mind, they not only rely on large in-house staffs that design games but they also pay added fees to independent publishers for exclusive rights to new games. The sales of video games in 2001 rose to 43 per cent, compared to just 4 per cent increase for computer-based games. But computer game players are believed to be a loyal bunch, as they see many advantages in playing games on their computers rather than consoles. For one thing, they have a big advantage of having access to a mouse and a keyboard that allow them to play far more sophisticated games. In addition, they have been utilizing the Internet for years to receive game updates and modifications and to play each other over the Web. Sony and Microsoft are intent on capturing a portion of the online gaming opportunity. Even Nintendo has decided to make available a modem that will allow GameCube users to play online. As prices continue to fall and technology becomes increasingly more sophisticated, it remains to be seen whether these three companies can keep their names on the industry’s list of â€Å"hig h scorers†. How to cite Video game, Essay examples

Contract Law Text - Cases - and Complex Materials

Question: Discuss about the Contract Law for Text, Cases, and Complex Materials. Answer: Introduction: A statement, which is made through an advertisement of any form, which is incomplete with respect to the elements required to form a valid contract, is an invitation to an offer, which expresses the intention of the party to negotiate the terms of the agreement and not an offer itself (Hunter 2015). This concept has been broadly discussed in the case of Partridge v Crittenden [1968] 1 WLR 1204. In this case, the court provided that an acceptance of invitation to an offer does not result in formation of a contract (Perillo 2014). An offer to a contract is constituted when the offeror has the intention to bind the offeree to the terms of a legally binding agreement. The offer can be communicated in any form such as newspapers, fax, emails and even through implied conduct, as long as the offeror has the intention to bind the offeree to the terms of the offer (McKendrick 2014). This provision was provided through the objective test in the case of Smith V Hughes 1971 LR6 QB 597. The court in this case provided that parties own intention has to be determined by applying the test of reasonability that is analyzing how a reasonable person would view the given situation (Hillman 2012). An offer cannot be constituted if it does not contain its minimum required elements. The minimum required elements to constitute an offer are the elements of price, delivery date, and validity of offer, description of the item in context and mode of payment (Puil and Weele 2014). Acceptance: an acceptance to an offer has to be unconditional and as a general rule has to be communicated to the offeror by the offeree, thus concept has been provided in the case of Powell v Lee 1908 (Chen 2012). A partial acceptance is no acceptance at all, if the acceptance contains additional terms, which are not present in the offer it is regarded as a counter offer and not an acceptance itself (Ayres 2012). The postal rule of acceptance is the different from the general principles of acceptance. According to this rule, an acceptance is said to be made by the offeree when the acceptance is posted by him and not when it actually reaches the offeror (Cartwright 2016). Posted in this case refers to the stage when the letter of acceptance goes beyond by the control of the offeree. This concept has been discussed in many cases but came to light from the landmark case of Adams V Lindsell (1818) B in this case the court held that the acceptance has been made when the letter is actually posted, it is irrelevant in this case whether or when it reaches the offeror. This rule had been latter acknowledged in the case of Dunlop V Higgins 1848 1 HL Cas 381 (Hillman 2013). In order to constitute a valid offer made by the offeror, there must be a valid offer, which has been accepted through an unconditional acceptance by the offeree (Zamir 2014). In a contract, there must be a promise from doing or abstaining from doing an act and such promises must be covered with a lawful consideration (Byrd and Hruschka 2012). The parties to the contract have to agree on the same thing in the same sense for a valid contract formation along with a valid offer and acceptance (Hunter 2015). The innocent party to a contract is entitled to get equitable remedies such as injunctions and specific performance with respect to the breach of contractual terms by the other party (Hart 2016). The innocent parties also have other remedies available with respect to the breach of contract; the parties can claim damages for the loss incurred by them for the breach of the contract. These damages either nominal or substantial can be claimed by the innocent party from the party who has breached the contract (Butler et al. 2013). According to the principles of the case Hadley v Baxendale 1854, innocent parties may only recover losses, which they have suffered within reasonable contemplation of the breach of contract (DiMatteo and Hogg 2016). According to the principles of the case Robinson v Harman [1948] 18 LJ Ex 202 the main aim of the court is to put the innocent paltry in the position in which she would have been if the contract have not been breached. Cost of cure and value are the two bases, which the court considers to provide damages to the innocent party (Burton 2013). The deposits by an innocent party can only be recovered if the party had lien over the deposit according to the principles of the case Chattey and Another v Farndale Holding Inc [1996] EWCA Civ 696 Application: The three state hotel (Shingles) had made an advertisement in the magazine with respect to an exhibition in the hotel. The advertisement only contained the details about the exhibition, the discount available and the time by which such bookings or payments were to be made which was 31 January. This magazine advertisement did not constitute a valid offer, and it was only a form of invitation to an offer and willingness to negotiate. This can be concluded, as the main elements required to form a valid offer were not present in this case. The elements of price, mode of payment, time of delivery were not provided for in the statement. Appling the provisions of the case of Partridge v Crittenden [1968] 1 WLR 1204 in this situation it can be confirmed that a valid offer had not been made in this situation with respect to the advertisement. With respect to the invitation to an offer, an offeree was supposed to communicate an offer to the offeror. The phone call made by Sam on 15 January to the hotel was not an offer but was a mere inquiry, as it did not have the elements and intention required to constitute a valid offer. On the same day, a valid offer had been made by the hotel by quoting a price of $15000 for the purpose of the exhibition. However, there was no formation of a contract in this event, as the offer was not accepted by Sam, as she wanted to checkout other options, which were available to her. On 23 January Sam had sent an email to the hotel, that she is very interested in taking the stand in question but , also said that she can only pay 14000 for the stand against an offer of 15000 initially made by the hotel. This statement made by Sam did not account to a valid acceptance, as a valid acceptance cannot have any different terms with respect to the offer. This statement made by Sam was a counter offer made to the hotel to accept. Sam in this case also made a fresh invitation to an offer to the hotel with respect to reserving a room for the exhibition. This was an invitation, as it did not have the element of price in it. The postal rule of communication is applicable on emails and text massages as well with a few modifications, with respect to emails the rule of communication. In this case is a communication is said to be complete when the email goes beyond the control of person sending it. However, in the case of an offer, the offeree has to have the knowledge of the existence of an offer in to make that offer valid. The hotel sent an email to Sam on 23 January, with respect to the counter offer and the fresh offer made by Sam. The email stated that the lowest they can charge for the stand is $14500 with respect to the counter offer of $14000 for the stand made by Sam. The hotel also agreed to book the small room that Sam had wanted through a fresh offer provisionally along with the purchase of the stand. In this case, it is to be noted that the offer made by the hotel through the email to Sam was not replied by her. However, she had read it and had the knowledge of the existence of the offer made by the hotel. The offer made by the hotel through thee email on 23 January had certain terms and conditions which had to be complied in order to constitute a valid acceptance. The terms and conditions of the offer stated that the offer would laps if a deposit amount of $ 1000 if not made to the hotel within 31 January. The offer made by the hotel also had the term that a form had to be filled and returned to the hotel within the same date in order to constitute a valid contract. In order to constitute a valid acceptance the knowledge of the offeree about the existence of a valid offer is enough. Although Sam did not reply to the email sent by the hotel, she had the knowledge about the offer made by the hotel as she read the email. Thus if in this case an acceptance is made by Sam it would account to be a valid acceptance. Sam with respect to the offer made of 23 January by the hotel had posted a letter to the hotel, which contained a bank order worth $1000 as asked by the hotel. The letter also contained a statement in which she made an expressed acceptance with respect to the price of the stand. The letter also contained a clause for free publicity. This clause cannot be regarded as an additional term to the acceptance as there was no consideration, which is required to form a contract. According to the principles of postal rule provided in the case of Adams V Lindsell (1818) B and Dunlop V Higgins 1848, 1 HL CAS 381 an acceptance through post is deemed to be made when the letter is actually posted by the offeree and not when it comes to the knowledge of the offeror. A few weeks later, Sam was given the knowledge that the hotel that the small meeting room which she had made a booking for, is no longer vacant and not available to her for the purpose of the exhibition. Sam has also been provided with the knowledge that the special price, which were applicable for the stands no longer, exist. In addition, she had been provided with a new offer by the hotel worth $20000 for reserving a medium sized room. In this situation by applying the postal rule, it can be concluded that a valid contract was formed between Sam and the hotel as soon as Sam had posted the letter and completed and returned the form provided by the hotel through an email. As soon as this action was completed by Sam, the hotel is bound by the terms of contract formed between them legally and the breach of any terms with respect to the contract would attract penalties for the hotel. Thus, in this case it can be concluded that there was a valid contract between the hotel and Sam with respect to the stand and the small meeting room. The contract was formed between them not before 31 January. Applying the principles of the case Hadley v Baxendale [1854] in this situation it can be concluded that Sam will suffer significant loss by not able to put her flowers in exhibition if the contract is breached. It is reasonable to assume in this case that the loss, which Sam is going to suffer, will be a direct result of the breach of contract by the hotel. Sam can claim specific performance of the contract through the court at its discretion. Sam also can claim damages as a right for breach of contract according to the principles of the case Robinson v Harman [1948] 18 LJ Ex 202 Sam is not entitled to get the deposits money back as she had no lien over it according to the provisos of the case Chattey and Another v Farndale Holding Inc [1996] EWCA Civ 696. Conclusion There is a valid contract between Sam and the Hotel (Shingles) and she is entitled to damages for the breach of the contract. References Ayres, I., 2012.Studies in Contract Law. Foundation Press. Burton, S.J., 2013. High Court Case Summaries. Contract Law: Keyed to Burtons Casebook on Contract Law. Butler, D.A., Christensen, S., Dixon, B. and Willmott, L., 2013.Contract Law Case Book. Oxford University Press. Byrd, B.S. and Hruschka, J., 2012.Kant's Doctrine of right. Cambridge University Press. Cartwright, J., 2016.Contract law: An introduction to the English law of contract for the civil lawyer. Bloomsbury Publishing. Chen-Wishart, M., 2012.Contract law. Oxford University Press. DiMatteo, L.A. and Hogg, M. eds., 2016.Comparative Contract Law: British and American Perspectives. Oxford University Press. Hart, D.K., 2017.From Contract to Status: The Story of Contract Law and Inequality. Routledge. Hillman, R., 2013.Principles of Contract Law, 3d (Concise Hornbook Series). West Academic. Hillman, R.A., 2012.The richness of contract law: An analysis and critique of contemporary theories of contract law(Vol. 28). Springer Science Business Media. Hunter, H., 2015. Modern Law of Contracts. Hunter, H., 2015. Modern Law of Contracts. McKendrick, E., 2014.Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK). Perillo, J., 2014.Contracts, 7th (Hornbook Series). West Academic. Puil, J.V.D. and Weele, A.V., 2014. Contract Law and Tort Law. InInternational Contracting: Contract Management in Complex Construction Projects(pp. 285-292). Zamir, E., 2014. Contract Law and Theory: Three Views of the Cathedral (reviewing Reconstructing Contracts by Douglas G. Baird).University of Chicago Law Review,81(4), p.15.

Managing Global Relationships and Marketing Crisis

Dark Side Of Nowhere (Summary) Essays - Fiction, Jason Voorhees

Dark Side Of Nowhere (Summary) Essays - Fiction, Jason Voorhees Dark Side Of Nowhere (Summary) This book starts out with a boy named Ethan dieing and everybody said it was appendicitis however later Jason and some others realized it wasnt. Jason didnt like his life because he thought it was too boring and he thought his parents were too nice because they never punished him too badly. Also at Ethans wedding, Jason wondered why Ethans parents didnt cry but his dad said it was shock however later Jason learned Ethan hadnt died at all. At a Little League game in Billington, Jason got in a fight with a boy because that boy was insulting the pitcher who was the girl that Jason liked. He got badly beat up and he went to the restroom to take care of the bruises that he had gotten. Then his school janitor, Mr. Grant, walked inside the restroom and gave Jason a glove that shot out BBs however Jason learned that the glove shot BBs by himself. He also told him to meet by a barn in a place called Old Town to learn what to do with it. The next day, Paula, the pitcher that Jason liked, went to Jasons house and told him he ruined her no-hitter yesterday. She was turning to leave but Jason wanted her to stay there so he decided to show her the glove Grant had given him even though Grant said not to show anyone the glove. He went to the back of his backyard and showed it to her. Then they went to Old Town because they got carried away in a game when Paula took the glove because she wanted to know where Jason had gotten the glove. They went into Old Town and they found many sightings that were weird such as a picture of a person that looked exactly like Billy Chambers who was a kid that went to their school and they saw a message carved into a wall that said, God Help Us. At school the next day, Jason said he had to get his monthly shots so he couldnt help Paula search around Old Town. Jason and everybody else who did receive them thought they were for health however they learned later that they were to keep their natural bodies and not their alien bodies. The next day was the day that Jason was supposed to meet to learn about the glove however Paula wanted him to help search for the truth about Old Town however he said he had a meeting and Wesley saved him by saying it was a Boy Scout meeting because Wesley also had to meet there. Wesley had received his glove 2 months before and he along with many others was sent to go there. Jason realized that these were all people who had parents that were their parents closest friends. At home, his parents said they were moving and they were not going to stay in Billington. Jason wanted to know why and he pulled out the glove that he got from Grant. His dad furiously wondered where he had gotten that and he got very mad. He finally went out and went to a storm cellar in Old Town that was actually a space ship. There, Jasons dad told him everything: about how he was an alien and how they got to Earth and about them stealing the faces of the human civilians that previously lived there before they were killed. At school the kids talked about them being alien because most of their parents had told them. Also Jason learned that the monthly shots were turning into weekly shots. Also the kids learned that Ethan really hadnt died, he was just in alien form so he couldnt come to school. Also they turned the meetings for the aliens into everyday since it was summer and the people begin thinking they were better than everyone. A few days later people rushed to Jasons house because they were becoming the aliens in the form that they actually were. They wanted to know what was happening so they went to Grants house. Grant said it was test to see if Jason could unite all of them and he showed Jason what

Comparing and contrasting the slave narratives of Frederick Douglass Essay

Comparing and contrasting the slave narratives of Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs - Essay Example Douglas was born into slavery on the shore of Maryland in 1818 and successfully escaped in 1838 after which he settled in Bedford. While there, he got involved with Massachusetts Anti-Slavery society and lectured audiences about slavery. Later, he wrote his book and became an American abolition movement leader. Jacobs was also born into slavery in 1813 in North Carolina. She was taught to read and write by her master who later died and she was left under his relatives. Her new master attempted to sexually abuse her which led her to spend seven years in hiding. She later worked as a domestic servant in New York and eventually settled in Massachusetts in 1862. It is after this that she wrote her slave narrative. Both writers’ lives as slaves had great effects on their writings. Douglas life as a slave enabled him to bring out the necessary emotion and experiences of a slave and hence becoming a victorious abolitionist writer. Having grown up as a slave and experiencing the hards hips of slavery such as lack of meals and whipping, his desire for freedom led him to write successful stories about his miserable life (Douglas 97). In Jacob’s narrative, she condemns slavery by revealing the horrifying mistreatments of the slaves in her time. She advances the view that slavery is a curse both to the whites and the blacks. She says â€Å"I never would consent to give my past life to anyone, for I will do it without giving the whole truth, if I could help save another from fate, it would be selfish and unchristian of me to keep it back†. Slave narratives were then used to show why the abolition of slavery was justified and thus their success lied on how well they presented the abuses in the system. Today, the narratives are used as an instrument to study the slavery institution and to examine the narrator’s capability to define them in the world. This new focus has

Marketing trend (Internet and online marketing) Assignment

Marketing trend (Internet and online marketing) - Assignment Example It will also discuss how these online marketing trends effects on the consumer buying process and its relevant impacts. There are several online marketing trends in the business world. Some of the most common trends include deals and rewards, mobile push marketing, mobile pull marketing, proximity marketing, local online marketing, globalization and three-screen marketing among others (Caroline, 2004). The buying behavior of consumers is acknowledged as a contemporary topic in online marketing. This is because the e-marketers usually focus on the influence they have on their marketing efforts and web experience. Furthermore, the e-marketers are supposed to understand their role in shaping up the virtual experience of their customers (Caroline, 2004). Business experts point out that the most crucial step in online marketing involves the capability of having the maximum impact on the internet users. The buying process of the consumers is also described as a learning procedure which involves decision making and processing the required information. The internet has drastically affected and changed the buying process as numerous products continue to be advertized through the internet (Whitehead, 2009). Marketers should, therefore, try to understand the internet and how they might use it to their advantage to increase sells, as well as buying decisions. These days, a majority of consumers do not follow the customary purchasing route of going out to shop for their products (Whitehead, 2009). The purchasing route was a significant guideline to marketers on how to plan their proceedings. A purchasing channel was the trend for many years, and then came the internet. In the purchasing channel, consumers started with the potential brands and then singled down to the most the product with great quality. Back in the days, the purchasing channel sounded logical to both the marketers and consumers. It was a proper way of locating the product that a person

Ethnography Assignment Worksheet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethnography Assignment Worksheet - Essay Example a between the black and white races in the Old Fourth Ward, and the Auburn Avenue’s main drag was called â€Å"the richest Negro street in the world† (McCall). There are also numerous films based on racism and class system that have been made in the past. One such film is A Day Without a Mexican in which a pink fog draws the Mexicans out of California. My fieldwork site is a park in the Downtown Manchester, NH. The neighborhood immediately surrounding my fieldwork site is like mixed commercial and residential. It is easy for me to get to my site since it is located in my home-city. The Veterans Park consists of a stage area for concerts and a memorial for fallen soldiers. I observed that the park is not divided and homeless and non-homeless people are mixed within the park. The US flags have been used to decorate the park. The park is next to a main street, which makes it sound like a typical city with the noises of people, cars, trucks, and traffic. Usually, the noise is more during the day than the night since the load of traffic in the night is lesser and also, the birds that chirp around during the day recede to their nests in the night. The land in the park is all covered in thick grass which is very pleasant and sweet to the smell. Occasionally, car fumes can be smelled as well, particularly when they are parked with a rush. The park setting is both relaxing and comfortable. Since it is a park, there are benches placed around the periphery of the green areas. The land is mostly covered in grass with concrete walkways running through the open areas. Many people bring food and eatables with them as the natural beauty makes the park a nice picnic spot. Most of the people are from the working class. Spceially, the civil servants and the private sector employees from surrounding buildings visit the park for recreation and timepass. Mnay visitors are middle-aged though the community of visitors is diverse as the visitors come with their families i ncluding children

Teleological Ethical Theory To Evaluate Incident Philosophy Essay

Teleological Ethical Theory To Evaluate Incident Philosophy Essay 1.Introduction: Ethics: The basic concepts and fundamental principles of right human conduct. It includes study of universal values such as the essential equality of all men and women, human or natural rights, obedience to the law of land, concern for health and safety and, increasingly, also for the natural environment. http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/ethics.html Ethics has to do with what my feelings tell me is right or wrong. Ethics has to do with my religious beliefs. Being ethical is doing what the law requires. Ethics consists of the standards of behaviour our society accepts. Ethics refers to the study and development of ones ethical standards. As mentioned above, feelings, laws, and social norms can deviate from what is ethical. So it is necessary to constantly examine ones standards to ensure that they are reasonable and well-founded. Ethics also means, then, the continuous effort of studying our own moral beliefs and our moral conduct, and striving to ensure that we, and the institutions we help to shape, live up to standards that are reasonable and solidly-based. What is Ethics? http://www.scu.edu/ethics/practicing/decision/whatisethics.html Unethics : Unethical behaviour often falls into a gray area where people are unsure of how to react. Professional organizations, religious groups and individuals may have differing definitions of unethical behaviour. The law also addresses unethical behaviour, although not all actions considered unethical by an individual or a group would fall into the category of unethical behaviour. Employees and group members benefit from specific guidance on what to consider in assessing a situation, so an organization should have its own ethical standards that all staff or members agree to abide by upon being hired or joining. The Association of Authors Representatives provides a clear example in its Canon of Ethics, which not only serves as a guide or members but also for others in the publishing industry. How to Report Unethical Behavior in the Workplace   http://www.ehow.com/how_7741792_report-unethical-behavior-workplace.html#ixzz25e9aJ3Hv 2. Unethical incident: in your past working life. Scenario 1> explain the incident Scenario 2> explain the incident 3.Teleological ethical theory: Consequentialism is the idea that only consequences count. So, under this view, someone who thinks all day long about killing and violence but actually hurts nobody would not be viewed as unethical. Consequentialists favour their approach due to its focus on real-world outcomes and the fact that it does not impose moral rules on oneself or on to others. The argument is that it is a less repressive approach. The USA foreign policy since World War 2 is clearly consequentialist. The Coalition of the Willing believed (or claimed to believe) that the 2003 invasion of Iraq was necessary (the doctrine of the pre-emptive strike) to protect American citizens from the terrorism threat. The idea was that the benefits (to America and Americans) would exceed the costs of the death and injury toll. Clearly no deontological principle can explain the war on Iraq since the US did not intervene in the 1994 Rwandan genocide and has not intervened recently in Zimbabwe. Interestingly, the Australian phil osopher Raimond Gaita (2004) argues that the doctrine of the pre-emptive strike is immoral (he favours virtue ethics) and he references the Christian New Testament verse Do not do evil that good might result (St Pauls Epistle to the Romans 3:8; New International Version). The Iraq invasion can be viewed as an evil deliberately undertaken in the hope that good might later result. Explain 4 parts with definition: Consequentialism can be further sub-divided into four types, ranging from the most selfish to the most considerate: ethical egoism; Belief that people should act in a way that maximizes their own good; Effect on other people of much less consequence; Behave in their own interest; Generally consistent with PAT assumptions. ethical elitism; Behaviour should maximize the benefits to those at the top of social structure. E.g. If the firms accounting is questioned then fire the Accountant to protect the Finance Director/CFO ethical parochialism; Behaviour should protect YOUR OWN in-group; Group could be YOUR OWN family, football club, company, religious group, accounting profession, ethnic group, etc. Are professional Codes of Ethics CFs an example of ethical parochialism? Probably yes! Improve professions image ethical universalism; Ethical Universalism Ethical behaviour should be concerned with the good of all John Stewart Mill (1806-73) greatest happiness principle E.g. Accounting standards to protect all of society not just shareholders 4.Teleological ethical theory to evaluate incident. Egoism: ethical egoism; Belief that people should act in a way that maximizes their own good; Effect on other people of much less consequence; Behave in their own interest; Generally consistent with PAT assumptions. Parochialism: ethical parochialism; Behaviour should protect YOUR OWN in-group; Group could be YOUR OWN family, football club, company, religious group, accounting profession, ethnic group, etc. Are professional Codes of Ethics CFs an example of ethical parochialism? Probably yes! Improve professions image 5.Deontological ethical theory: (definition + example+2 types) Based on duties and rights Duties activities a person is expected to perform Rights behaviours a person expects of others An accountant has the duty to look after a clients interests while the client has the right to the accountants best work This theory judges the morality of an action based on the actions adherence to rules. Whether an action is ethical depends on the intentions behind the decisions rather than the outcomes that result. This ethical theory is based on the work of Immanuel Kant. All individual actions should be done, as if they could become universal law (i.e. categorical imperative). Among the various formulations of the categorical imperative, two are particularly worth noting: Always act in such a way that you can also resolve that the maxim of your action should become a universal law (categorical imperative) Act so that you treat humanity, both in your own person and in that of another, always as an end and never merely as a means (principle of ends) Deontology does not look primarily at consequences of actions, but examines a situation for the essential moral worth of the intention of act, or rightness or wrongness of the act. Many religious traditions are based upon deontology. Example: Individuals would examine their intentions to determine the ethics of their actions. For example, we have begun not to use restraints on older people for their safety and to think of other measures. We do this because restraining someone against his or her will could not be considered a universal law. Ethical theories that maintain that the moral rightness or wrongness of an action depends on its intrinsic qualities, and not (as in consequentialism) on the nature of its consequences. Deontological ethics holds that at least some acts are morally wrong in themselves (e.g., lying, breaking a promise, punishing the innocent, murder). It often finds expression in slogans such as Duty for dutys sake. Deontological theories are often formulated in such a way that the rightness of an action consists in its conformity to a moral rule or command, such as Do not bear false witness. The most important exponent of deontological ethics is Immanuel Kant. See also categorical imperative http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/deontological+ethics Theological Ethics Relies on religion Rules are set down by religious literature, e.g. Koran or Bible or Dao or Confucius. Bible: Do to others what you would have them do to you (the Christian Golden Rule in St Matthew 7:12) and Love your neighbour as yourself (St Luke 10:27). But self-centred human nature says: Who is my neighbour? Social Contract Theory or Licence to operate Assumes a social contract between the individual and society and corporation and society. Unwritten agreement based on custom. Failure to comply with contract results in unethical behaviour and penalties imposed by society. Normative basis of Legitimacy and Stakeholder Theories covered in Week 8. Societys expectations can change over time, e.g. now more demanding toward companies regarding environmental damage. Society can boycott a company/country e.g. apartheid regime in South Africa. 6.Deontological ethical theory to evaluate incident: .. Social contract: Social Contract Theory or Licence to operate Assumes a social contract between the individual and society and corporation and society. Unwritten agreement based on custom. Failure to comply with contract results in unethical behaviour and penalties imposed by society. Normative basis of Legitimacy and Stakeholder Theories covered in Week 8. Societys expectations can change over time, e.g. now more demanding toward companies regarding environmental damage. Society can boycott a company/country e.g. apartheid regime in South Africa. 7. Unethical conduct: Many employees find that discovering unethical behaviour among co-workers actually tests their own values and ethical behaviours. After all, unethical behaviour that is not illegal frequently falls in a grey area between right and wrong that make it difficult to decide what to do when it is encountered. Furthermore, different people have different views regarding what is ethical and what is unethical. For example, some people feel that it is alright to tell a little white lie, or to make one long distance call on the companys nickel, as long as they can justify it in their mind. When employees discover other employees doing something that they know is wrong by the companys standards, their own sense of what is right and what is wrong instantly comes into question. That employee needs to consider how s/he feels about that particular activity, as well as informing about that activity, or turning a blind eye. Unethical Behavior Unethical Behavior Its Impact on Todays Workplace http://www.anonymousemployee.com/csssite/sidelinks/unethical_behavior.php 8. Conclusion: re view about ethics and unthics +make prediction

Macbeth - Noble Soldier to Bloody Tyrant Essay -- Macbeth essays

Macbeth - Noble Soldier to Bloody Tyrant    The purpose of tragedy is to arouse in the audience emotions of fear or pity, and to produce a catharsis-a relieving cleansing-of these emotions. Macbeth is the most horrific of Shakespeare's tragedies because the protagonist commits such bloodthirsty acts. Apart from on the battlefield, however, this brutality is not evident when we first meet the hero.   General Macbeth is a man of military and political importance, the heroic Thane of Glamis and potential heir to the throne of Scotland.   By the end of the play he is an entirely different person than he was in the beginning. In the beginning he is a heroic, decent, and noble soldier, but by the end of the play he is a bloody tyrant.    A key ingredient in such a genre is the tragic flaw, an idea that goes back to an influential work of literary criticism called Poetics, by Aristotle.   Aristotle said that the tragic hero should be someone of rank or importance with a tragic flaw, who suffers a "reversal of intention" that eventually leads to his or her death.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aristotle also said that in the process, the tragic hero should experience recognition of this failure and that by the end of the work our moral sense should be satisfied that right or justice has prevailed.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The tragic flaw is some weakness in character that is responsible for action or inaction on the part of the tragic hero and leads to the reversal of the hero's original intention.   Therefore, the reversal of intention is the turning point in the tragic hero's life when he or she experiences something that causes the tide to turn and previous success to turn to failure.   [The fourth soliloquy prepares us for the r eversal, and the climactic... ...ere is room for debate about his courage and nobility, and whether or not we feel any pity or compassion for him. Our feelings at the end constitute the expected catharsis.    Works Cited and Consulted: Greenblatt, Stephen. "Introduction to Macbeth." The Norton Shakespeare. New York: Norton, 1997. 2555-63. Hawkins, Michael. "History, politics, and Macbeth." Focus on Macbeth. Ed. John Russell Brown. London: Routledge, 1982. 155-88. Kermode, Frank. "Introduction to Macbeth." The Riverside Shakespeare. Boston: Houghton, 1974. 1307-11. Shakespeare, William.   Tragedy of Macbeth . Ed. Barbara Mowat and Paul  Ã‚   Warstine. New York: Washington Press, 1992.  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Notes: 1 Roman Polanski changes the ending in his film, when he has Donalbain visit the witches to determine his own fate as the brother of the new King Malcolm.   

Are humanities relevant to the 21st century Essay

In this annotated bibliography I will be trying to answer the question of the importance of humanities in the 21st century. I will be using sources from newspapers, books and blogs in which I found either in the UEA library, internet and other sources of information. I will be making summaries of the content which I read and evaluate the source as a whole, for this annotated bibliography most of the sources which I came across coincidently were about the usefulness of the humanities in education or in the work place in the 21st century. In addition, I incorporated film, literature, art and history making my range of sources broad. 1) Arnheirn Rudolf, 1932, film as Art, London, university of California press This book is mainly about theory, the authors main argument is that human beings are losing their ability of creativity. For example, the author talks about the â€Å"limitations of the medium, the absence of sound, the absence of colour and the lack of three dimensional depth† Arnheirn Rudolf (1932), these limitations created a new distinct art however due to advancement everything is about realism and because of these advancement creativity has been lost in the world of film. â€Å"The thoughts that made the picture move† Arnheirn Rudolf (1932) can be interpreted as realism bringing truths of world into the limelight such as the violence which occurred around the world. As a source it has very little relevance to the humanities in the 21st century, when reading this book it seemed very personal to the author the way he wrote it seemed as if he is defending something very important to him. Also, from what I had read there wasn’t much evidence to support his claims and was more like an aggressive rant about the mechanical advancements in the film industry. 2) Belfiore Elenora and Upchurch Anna, 2013, Humanities in the 21st century, Hampshire, Palgrave Macmillan This book is mainly a collection of essays and articles from different authors that has been edited by the authors. They talk mainly about the connection between the markets and the humanities. Their main aim was to â€Å"exercise of critiquing the present state of the humanities within and outside of the academic practise† Belfiore Elenora and Upchurch Anna (2013). The authors describe the history of the humanities and stated that the humanities came from the united states which spread to great Britain and then explained that social science came out of humanities which is why the humanities is the parent of the social science. The two authors compiled a collection of original essays that tackle the question however I did not read any views the authors had. 3) Corrigan timothy, 2012, film and literature: and introduction and reader, second edition, Abingdon, Routledge. Timothy Corrigan’s main argument is that he argues without the literature there will be no film and they need each other. â€Å"While the blockbusters harry potter films would constantly draw masses of young people/readers to the movie theatres and lines of moviegoers into the bookstore† Corrigan timothy (2012). He also argues there is a renewed interest in literature and film as â€Å"30% of movies today derive from novels and 50% of books classified as best sellers have been adapted to cinema† which enforces his argument that literature in fact is still important. Later in the chapter he gives disadvantages of turning novels into film by stating it destroys our imagination. When reading a novel we use our imagination to create a reality in the novels world however when watching a film adaption of that same novel your imagined world becomes the film directors interpretation and your imagined creation is lost. In this book the author clearly states 4 disadvantages of literature and not one positive or advantages to literature making me think that his views to a certain extent is biased. In addition, this book contains bucket loads of information from theories to history of film and this book is an educational one therefore contains information directed to students and is also the second edition generally meaning is an improvement to the first edition. 4) Grafton Anthony, (2010), 05/11/2013, Defending the Humanities, www. youtube. com Grafton Anthony is a historian that delivered a lecture in the University of Hampshire. He argues against a claim that humanities as a subject is ‘dying’. His argument boldly states that professors teaching the humanity  subjects are being force feed useless knowledge and information which will not help undergraduates in the future. He states that humanists should be creators of conversations between the graduates, the historical thinkers, ancient musicians and great artists which is critical and exciting, instead of creating of theories and drop everything we teach though it ‘like a sausage grinder’. He concludes, and states that humanities as a subject is improving and is always being rewritten when new information is available. Grafton Anthony uses the American civil war as an example, as a child Grafton Anthony in school had never heard of the presence of the African Americans in the civil war and parents would never take their children to historic battle sites because they felt offended. However, in today’s age African American parents joyfully take their children to these sites due to historians re-writing history and creating a true story that African Americans were in fact involved in the civil war. This lecture was really about promoting humanities as a subject. This is a good source as it emphases the problems of humanities being taught in the 21st century and also gives information on how to improve humanities in general in addition; his points are being reinforced by Bill Smoot who also had similar ideologies. 5) Grafton t. Anthony and Grossman James, 2013, the chronicle of higher education: the humanities dubious battle, 19th October 2013, pages 13. The authors as a summary basically belittles the humanities and talks about history are not needed in the economic and capitalist world. He quotes â€Å"Why would a company like Enterprise Rent-A-Car care if a prospective employee took the initiative to read the company history? What could the study of the past contribute to a career in, say, medicine? † Grafton t. Anthony and Grossman James (2013). He also makes the point that the humanities do not lead into any clear cut career than let’s say engineering, medicine and law. They then go on to say that the humanities is not totally dead as from a Harvard report stated that there are more people studying humanities in private universities and are mainly for the ‘elites’ â€Å"Humanities education provides the foundation for leadership, and wider access to such education implies wider access to positions of leadership. † Grafton t. Anthony and Grossman James (2013). Personally I didn’t like this source as the authors slightly changed their view from stating that the humanities is a rubbish subject to learn to the humanities being this epic subject that only the ‘elites’ should learn. The source was very simple to read and it seem to ‘speak’ to you as if you were having a conversation with the writer and made you think about subject. In addition, an article which finally sits on the other side for a change, It was interesting to find a source and authors who argued that humanities is useless so reading from an objective view it was a new insight into the subject of the relevance of humanities in the 21st century. 6) Kagan Jeome. (2009) The Three Cultures: Natural Science, Social Sciences, and the Humanities in the 21st Century, Cambridge: Cambridge University press. This book defines the three cultures and then compares them to one another. The author’s main argument is that the three cultures cannot survive without the fuel each culture provides. One example used is climate change kagon Jeome (2009) stated 50,000 years ago climate changed in northern Europe which destroyed our protein supplies and in turn the human population in northern Europe dropped drastically therefore if humans were involved in climate change it would be more rapid. The author then concludes that the sciences and humanities need each other and are both important to the 21st century as without the literature humanities provided the less likely research may have taken place. The author is American psychologist suggesting that he is very well educated and has written many books in regard to psychology, the book was also published by the Cambridge university press meaning that it is more likely to be intellectual. The book was written in 2009 which in regard to humanities and his major points is not too long ago. However, this book was basically a revamp C. P. Snow’s work who was a chemist and novelist who published â€Å"the two cultures and scientific revolution† which was written in 1959. 7) Pring Richard, 1999, oxford review of education, political education: relevance of the humanities, p71-87, volume 25 issue, Taylor and Francis. In this article the Richard Pring puts an emphasis on education being used as tool to control the young to becoming a model citizen and uses the phrase â€Å"developing desirable attitudes†. He next explains why he used that phrase and backs up his point by stating the â€Å"government is worried about the consumption of drugs amongst young people; therefore, schools are being instructed to teach about their evil effects†. Furthermore later on in the article he explains why the humanities is important not only because the humanities teaches us how to be †Human† but it gives us the skills to incorporate into politics such as critical writing and analysis. This journal is very detailed but is rather old compared to evidence I can acquire from books, blogs or other forms of sources. A lot of things have changed since 1999 such as the economy, which has gone through major changes during this time so views have changed. In terms of relevance to the question is that it is relevant to a strong extent from a cultural view. He describes that humanities is all around us and is impossible to miss. 8) Small Helen, 2013, the value of the humanities, oxford, oxford university press The book value of the humanities provides a critical account of the principal arguments used to defend the value of the Humanities. The claims considered are: that the Humanities study the meaning-making practices of culture, and bring to their work a distinctive understanding of what constitutes knowledge and understanding. The authors of this book made a very deep arguments from the contribution of human happiness to the â€Å"driving force for democracy† Small Helen (2013). She later concludes that the purpose of the humanities is to explore the grounds for each argument, and test its validity for the present day and â€Å"promise to sharpen the terms of public debate† Small Helen (2013). I believe this a very good source, firstly because it is very modern and up to date, academic slightly hard to read aimed at the educated and scholars. The author is a professor of the English literature at the University of Oxford which suggests she is smart enough to look at this question from an objective view. 9) Smoot Bill, (2011), 04/11/2013, Humanities in the 21st century, http://www. edutopia. org/blog/humanities-twenty-first-century-bill-smoot , Online Blog This blog offers information about the humanities in the 21st century, the author writes about his personal experience and feelings to the killing of Osama Bin Laden. He writes about how he felt satisfied for the killing of a man who may or may not of deserved it and as a English teacher he takes an objective look on different people’s reactions to the news and states he saw people crying and praising the death of a man, another group were indifferent and quoted â€Å"it is unholy to gloat over the bodies of the dead† Smoot Bill (2011). He later explains that we need humanities to teach the students habits ‘of critical thought and the historical perspective necessary for citizenship in a democracy’. The blog is aimed for people in the position of power. In terms, of relevance to the question I believe it answers the question because his simplistic writing explains why humanities are needed in the 21st century. However, a blog is an individual record of opinions so it does not carry weight as a good source but it gives an opinion so in that respect it becomes useful but not very reliable. 10) Stern Nicholas, Mon 22 July 2013, Don’t neglect the importance of the humanities, the independent, pages 7. In this source, the message is a lot more political. Firstly Nicolas Stern describes that there is a shift in every subject due to the lack of trust in intuition and lack of confidence in existing ideas and models and politicians are not inspiring the younger generations. He later describes the Science, engineering and medicine are vital drivers of human progress and we must celebrate and nurture them. However, without the humanities and social sciences we can never find responses to the urgent issues that trouble us. He then backs up his points with facts and figures for example â€Å"The UK economy is now 75 per cent services, hugely reliant on the analytical, negotiating and communication skills which humanities and social sciences disciplines develop in people† Nicolas Stern (2013) and â€Å"Most of the leaders in public life – government, commerce, public sector – were educated in humanities and social science disciplines. † Nicolas Stern (2013). In my opinion I believe this is a very good source as the author makes a point and then backs up his points with evidence and statistics. It is also a newspaper article meaning that the general public have access to it and create an opinion about the matter. However, the only disadvantage about this article is that the author doesn’t write about the advantages and disadvantages of humanities and only keeps to the positives and belittles other subjects. 11) Vianello Andrea 16/11/2013, http://www. bronzeage. org. uk/the-value-of-the-arts-and-humanities-in-the-21st-century-a-report. aspx, blog The author of the blog describes that he went to a debate about the importance of the arts and humanities in the modern day life and business. During this debate the author states that at this debate everyone assumed that they all agreed on the fact that â€Å"the humanities in modern day society are pretty much over due to the subject having no impact on modern society† Vianello Andrea (2013). The author concludes; with his own personal opinion which was that the value of the humanities is unique in terms of the way humanists’ think and its potential for sciences and businesses and that graduates who have studied the humanities have been equipped with transferable skills and a unique way to approach and solve problems. The author makes valid points with evidence which makes the author argument about this subject stronger however, he criticized in a negative light all the researchers and educated opinion that did not agree with his side of the argument making his view very personal not hold a lot of weight as a source. In terms of relevance to the question it is very relevant however due to his opinion being very personal and biased it’s a useless source and weak in terms of argument. 12) Warwick Clare, Terras Mellissa, Nyhan Julianne, 2012, Digital humanities in practise, London, Facat publishing. The authors open up with the definition of what digital humanities is and defined it as â€Å"the collaboration of the arts and humanities with computing† Warwick Clare, Terras Mellissa, Nyhan Julianne (2012). The book mainly talks about the experience of three people in the University of City London which is the leading university for digital humanities.

20 Pairs of One-Word and Two-Word Forms

20 Pairs of One-Word and Two-Word Forms 20 Pairs of One-Word and Two-Word Forms 20 Pairs of One-Word and Two-Word Forms By Mark Nichol Many common words and phrases are identical except for a strategic letter space apart and â€Å"a part† come to mind and though knowing which form to use in a sentence is often obvious (as in that example), the difference can be subtle. Here are some of the less clear-cut pairs: 1. Ahold/a hold: Ahold is a variant of the noun hold, used in such sentences as â€Å"I’ll get ahold of you later.† But when you mean to refer to an actual grip on something, use two words: â€Å"She really has a hold on you.† If it’s hard to decide which form to employ, try this test: If you can insert an adjective between a and hold, the two-word form is appropriate. 2. Already/all ready: Use the former when you need an adverb, as in â€Å"I told you already.† The latter form is correct in sentences such as â€Å"We’re all ready for the party.† 3. Alot/a lot: These two forms are interchangeable except in one significant respect: The one-word version is wrong. It is used often in informal writing and may one day be standard, but until you get the official memo, refrain from using it if you want to be taken seriously as a writer. 4. Alright/all right: See item number 3. 5. Altogether/all together: The one-word form, an adverb, suffices to mean â€Å"completely† or â€Å"in total,† as in â€Å"Altogether, we saved $100 on the deal.† (It also means â€Å"nude† in the idiomatic phrase â€Å"in the altogether.†) The phrase is appropriate for sentences such as â€Å"We are all together in this.† 6. Anybody/any body: The one-word form is a pronoun used in such constructions as â€Å"He doesn’t get along with anybody.† The two-word adjective-noun form is applicable in limited contexts, such as in the sentence â€Å"Any body in motion responds to gravity.† 7. Anymore/any more: The one-word form is used as an adverb in sentences such as â€Å"We don’t go there anymore†; the two-word form consists of the adjective any and the noun more, as in â€Å"I just can’t eat any more of that pie.† 8. Anyone/any one: The one-word form is a pronoun, synonymous with anybody, used as in â€Å"Anyone can make that claim.† â€Å"Any one† consists of the adjective any and the noun one, as in â€Å"Any one of you might be next.† 9. Anyplace/any place: The adverb anyplace is a synonym for anywhere: â€Å"She won’t let me go anyplace without her.† The latter usage is an adjective-and-noun phrase that describes a location: â€Å"He doesn’t want to go to any place he can’t smoke.† 10. Anything/any thing: Anything is the likely usage: â€Å"I don’t remember anything.† The two-word adjective-noun form is generally separated by an another adjective: â€Å"She’s just does any little thing she wants.† 11. Anytime/any time: To describe with what frequency something might occur, use the one-word adverbial form: â€Å"Stop by anytime.† The two-word adjective-noun form is preceded by the word at: â€Å"You may leave at any time.† 12. Anyway/any way: Anyway is a synonym for anyhow: â€Å"We didn’t want to go anyway.† The two-word adjective-noun form is preceded by the word in: â€Å"That doesn’t change the results in any way.† 13. Awhile/a while: The noun phrase â€Å"a while† and the adverb awhile are virtually interchangeable in a sentence, though you should precede the two-word form with the word for: â€Å"I think I’ll sit here for a while† and â€Å"I think I’ll sit here awhile† mean the same thing. 14. Cannot/can not: Cannot is virtually the only proper alternative. The second usage is wrong except in the correct awkward construction in the sentence â€Å"I can not go,† meaning â€Å"I can decide not to go.† 15. Everyday/every day: The one-word form is an adjective meaning â€Å"ordinary,† used to describe something usual as in â€Å"These are my everyday clothes.† The two-word phrase, an adverb, is used in such sentences as â€Å"I go there every day† to explain how something is done. 16. Everyone/every one: To refer to everybody, use one word: â€Å"Everyone’s a critic.† To emphasize a single individual or item, use two words: â€Å"Every one of them is broken.† 17. Everything/every thing: Everything is the default choice: â€Å"You’ve ruined everything.† The two-word adjective-noun form is usually divided by an additional adjective: â€Å"Every little thing she does is magic.† 18. Maybe/may be: The first choice is an alternative to the adverb perhaps; the second is a verb phrase used in such sentences as â€Å"It may be that she was right after all.† 19. Overtime/over time: As one word, this means work done beyond a regular shift: â€Å"I’ve worked overtime several days this week.† As two words, it refers to the passage of time: â€Å"Over time, we’ve seen dramatic changes.† 20. Sometime/some time: The one-word form is an adverb describing vagueness about when something will happen, as in â€Å"I’ll get around to it sometime.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Handy Expressions About HandsHow Long Should a Paragraph Be?Comma After Introductory Phrases

Free Essays on Religious Criticism In The Miller’s Tale

A story of a licentious woman, a love triangle gone awry, a misplaced kiss, and revenge†¦.. The above phrase could be used to describe almost any work in the fabliau genre. On the surface, the â€Å"Miller’s Tale† by Geoffrey Chaucer and Heile of Beersele, the story which Chaucer based his Miller’s Tale, are just another pair of fabliaux. Each seems to be just another simple, obscene tale meant to amuse and entertain the common people. The Heile of Beersele may, indeed, be another entertaining story; however, it is apparent that Chaucer had other motives when writing his â€Å"Miller’s Tale.† His tale, unlike the Heile of Beersele, mocks the hypocrisy, misogyny, and faith of the Church and its members. Although the Miller’s Tale and the Heile of Beersele seem strikingly similar upon first read, Chaucer wrote the Miller’s Tale, not as a form of entertainment, but as a form of criticism of the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages. During the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church maintained a faà §ade that was idealistic by nature. It expected its followers to be exemplars of â€Å"perfection.† Yet, in actuality, they were far from that. Even, the popes, the highest members in the Church hierarchy, were corrupt. Chaucer addresses this hypocrisy in his â€Å"Miller’s Tale† specifically through the character of Absalom, the parish clerk. Unlike the author of the description of the priest in Heile of Beersele, Chaucer provides a lengthy description of Absalom, also mentioning him repeatedly throughout the story. Absalom’s sin was not his chasing of a married woman, but the fact that, instead of living the life of a chaste clergyman, he was lustful for Alison and every other woman. The following is Chaucer’s description of Absalom: â€Å"This Absolon, that jolif was and gay,/Gooth with a sencer on the haliday,/sensinge the wyves of the parish faste;/And many a lovely look on hem he caste†¦/Hath in his herte switch... Free Essays on Religious Criticism In The Miller’s Tale Free Essays on Religious Criticism In The Miller’s Tale A story of a licentious woman, a love triangle gone awry, a misplaced kiss, and revenge†¦.. The above phrase could be used to describe almost any work in the fabliau genre. On the surface, the â€Å"Miller’s Tale† by Geoffrey Chaucer and Heile of Beersele, the story which Chaucer based his Miller’s Tale, are just another pair of fabliaux. Each seems to be just another simple, obscene tale meant to amuse and entertain the common people. The Heile of Beersele may, indeed, be another entertaining story; however, it is apparent that Chaucer had other motives when writing his â€Å"Miller’s Tale.† His tale, unlike the Heile of Beersele, mocks the hypocrisy, misogyny, and faith of the Church and its members. Although the Miller’s Tale and the Heile of Beersele seem strikingly similar upon first read, Chaucer wrote the Miller’s Tale, not as a form of entertainment, but as a form of criticism of the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages. During the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church maintained a faà §ade that was idealistic by nature. It expected its followers to be exemplars of â€Å"perfection.† Yet, in actuality, they were far from that. Even, the popes, the highest members in the Church hierarchy, were corrupt. Chaucer addresses this hypocrisy in his â€Å"Miller’s Tale† specifically through the character of Absalom, the parish clerk. Unlike the author of the description of the priest in Heile of Beersele, Chaucer provides a lengthy description of Absalom, also mentioning him repeatedly throughout the story. Absalom’s sin was not his chasing of a married woman, but the fact that, instead of living the life of a chaste clergyman, he was lustful for Alison and every other woman. The following is Chaucer’s description of Absalom: â€Å"This Absolon, that jolif was and gay,/Gooth with a sencer on the haliday,/sensinge the wyves of the parish faste;/And many a lovely look on hem he caste†¦/Hath in his herte switch...

PE Ratios & Profit Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

PE Ratios & Profit Performance - Essay Example As said by Flamholtz (1986, p655), "The price-earnings (P-E) ratio measures the relationship of the market price of a firm's common stock to its earnings per share", the P/E ratio is a measure of analysing a company's market position and investors trust that is reflected in the market price of its shares. The higher the price-earnings ratio, the higher the growth potential the company has in the view of its investors. It reveals the market worth of a company's shares and explains how expensive the shares are in relation to the earnings obtained on the shares. For instance, two different companies have the same level of net profit but one company has a lower Price-earnings ratio, it would reflect that its shares are cheaper than the other company. From the above chart also, the P/E ratios of five companies can easily be spotted. All these companies are from the same industry and are among the most popular companies in the retail sector. As reflected by above price-earning ratios, these companies have a varying range of ratios as at February 8, 2006. The price-earning ratio is calculated by dividing a company's market price with the earnings per share and therefore, the price-earning ratio of a company depends upon several factors that are responsible to keep it at a lower or higher level. The determinants of a company's P/E ratio force the company's market price to fluctuate, which is followed by a fluctuation in the ratio. Some of the major determinants causing variation in different companies' price-earnings ratios are discussed below: Growth Potential Brealey and Meyers (1984) suggest that a company's high price-earning ratio reflects that the investors have more confidence in the company's future growth potential. It shows that the expectation of a company's future growth also has a great impact on its price-earning ratio. It is true that investors do have a keen eye on various companies' financial position and performance so that they can also benefit with a company who is climbing the high ladders of growth and profitability. If the company is growing, it will have more profit to be forwarded to the shareholders. Therefore when the investors believe in a company's future performance, they will be willing to invest more in the company's shares leading to a significant rise in the stock value followed by an increase in the P/E ratio. The chart displaying the price-earning ratios of the companies from same industry reveals that the company with a high P/E ratio i.e., Morrison plc with a P/E ratio of 47.2, has more future growth prospects in the eyes of its investors and shareholders than the other companies in the industry i.e., Boots, Tesco, Marks and Spencer and JB Sports plc. This is because the investors mostly look for benchmarking a company's performance and potential with the other companies in industry standing at the same level and once they find a company with better prospects, they invest more of their funds in the company's shares. Hence, it can be said that the element of growth potential is one of the major causes underlying the differences between the above companies' price-earning ratios. Net Profit Smith and Skousen (1987) suggest that an increase or decrease in a company's price-earning ratio is the resultant of its profitability. It indicates that more a company is profitable;

Caring for the Elderly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Caring for the Elderly - Essay Example As studies emphasize the continued activeness contributes to longevity and health of elderly, there has been significant initiatives to increase their activeness on a personal and community level (Caring for the Elderly). The elderly should not be marginalized, set aside or to be made feel unwanted or uncared for. The motivation is for the elderly to be able to enjoy the longevity that is afforded them by new developments in medical science to the fullest. Many programs has encouraged many senior citizens to stay active or become active. This has increased their quality of life while at the same has provided essential support among the individuals in their age group (Williams & Garland 379). However, success of the programs has been limited and health departments are turning to private and community groups to improve the situation of more senior citizens. In Northern Ireland, case study programs have been launched to assess the effectiveness of physical development programs for the elderly and the leanings from the programs are to be the basis of programs to be launched in Britain in 2007 (Northern Ireland Social Care Council [NISCC]). Among the popularized programs that have initiated by the Unite Kingdom's National Health Service include community exercise programs that include Tai Chi and dance. The programs are centered on the theory that improving the level of physical activity can enhance the overall all health of the subjects, enhancing or maintained include dexterity, agility, endurance and coordination (McGuire-Snieckus et al 8). Continued physical activeness can significantly enhance everyday physical activities since muscle tone and related body functions are maintained (Caring for the Elderly). Though there are strict considerations for individuals who have existing conditions particularly those who may have conditions that impair their judgment as well as for cardio vascular or immunological conditions (Garland et al 454). The objective is to be able to not just let them enjoy the activities but to also derive pleasure and fulfillment form their physical activities. Social Care Together with the studies that give evidence that beyond the physical activity that is involved in the programs, interaction during the activities also plays an important role for the individuals participating in the programs (McGuire-Snieckus et al 11). Thus, the physical activities or therapies serve as the host for other programs designed for the age groups that also aim to enhance their life and the effectiveness of their medications and treatments. The elderly should be considered a heritage to society: treasured and valued for their lives and learning. Parts of existing rehabilitation programs for the elederly are in combicnation with juvenile programs. The elderly serve as mentors for the troubled youths providing them real life insights regarding their addiction or other conditions. The program has had success because of the relationship that is fostered among the participants and on the side of the more senior participants it allows them to share their feelings and realizations from their lives (Lalor et al) According to researches, one of the most difficult sources of problem for the elderly involves their marginalization and diminished access to social institutions and activities that